In regions with extreme heat and humidity, an air conditioner can be more than a source of comfort—it can sometimes save lives.
Web Desk: During periods of intense heat and humidity, air conditioners (ACs) provide relief for millions of people. However, experts say it is equally important to understand how they work and their potential effects on health. As temperatures continue to rise in many parts of the world due to climate change, air conditioning has become a key tool for staying safe in hot weather, although its cool, dry air can also affect the human body.
According to experts, an air conditioner draws warm, humid air from a room and passes it over cooling coils containing refrigerant gas, which absorbs the heat. The cooled air is then circulated back into the room, while moisture is removed in the process, lowering both the temperature and humidity. This reduction in humidity can have certain effects on the body.
The foundations of modern air conditioning were laid in 1902 by American engineer Willis Carrier, who developed the first system to control humidity in a printing plant in New York. Window air conditioners were introduced in 1931, and after World War II, mass production made them widely available for homes and offices. Over time, manufacturers adopted more environmentally friendly technologies to reduce the use of ozone-depleting gases.
Experts say that in areas experiencing severe heat and humidity, air conditioning is not just about comfort—it can sometimes be lifesaving. Without adequate cooling, people are at risk of heat stress, which, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is one of the leading causes of weather-related deaths. Extreme heat can also worsen heart disease, diabetes, asthma, and mental health conditions. The most dangerous heat-related illness is heatstroke, in which the body’s temperature rises above 40°C (104°F) and can become fatal if not treated immediately.
To reduce the risk of heat-related illnesses, experts recommend drinking plenty of water, avoiding direct sunlight whenever possible, wearing lightweight cotton clothing, staying indoors during the hottest part of the day, and keeping living spaces cool. If someone suffers from heatstroke, they should be moved immediately to a cool or shaded place, their clothing should be loosened, their legs slightly elevated, and their body cooled using a fan or air conditioner while seeking urgent medical attention.
On the other hand, continuous exposure to air conditioning can also cause health issues. Experts say the cold, dry air may dry out the skin and eyes and cause dryness of the nose and throat, headaches, and muscle or joint stiffness in some individuals. Drinking enough water, using moisturizers, lubricating eye drops, and saline nasal sprays can help relieve these symptoms.
Experts also warn that if AC filters are not cleaned regularly, they can accumulate dust, mold, and bacteria, which may trigger allergies and worsen asthma and other respiratory illnesses. For this reason, they recommend having the unit professionally serviced at least once a year and avoiding prolonged exposure to direct cold airflow.
During sleep, experts recommend maintaining a room temperature between 16°C and 18°C (61–64°F) and using a light blanket. For those who cannot afford an air conditioner or want to reduce electricity costs, experts suggest a simple homemade alternative: placing ice inside a thermocol (polystyrene) box with a small fan to create a temporary cooling effect.
Experts conclude that as climate change continues to increase global temperatures, cooling systems are becoming increasingly important. However, maintaining good health also requires balanced use of air conditioning, regular maintenance, and following basic safety precautions.
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